Adenoviruses are associated with gastroenteritis, conjunctivitis, respiratory and urinary tract infections which in general have low clinical relevance. However, they can cause severe pathologies, even life-threatening, in immunosuppressed individuals. There is no efficient treatment for adenovirus infections approved so far. Adenoviruses can also produce serious disease in poultry and other domestic animals, resulting in economic losses. Remarkably, adenoviruses are also the most widely used vectors in the clinical gene therapy field.