This Cell Symposium aims to bring together thought leaders within these diverse fields, provide a forum for sharing and disseminating the latest advances, and provide a common ground for cross-disciplinary discussion and collaboration between the fields to understand the role of neural regulation in organismal homeostasis and disease. Topics: Brain-body communication in regulating appetite and consummatory behavior Brain-body interaction in regulating energy balance/thermoregulation The gut-brain axis and neuro-immune interactions in metabolic disease New technologies and models for studying brain-body communication and treatments of disease The influence of genes and lifestyle on energy homeostasis, metabolism, and mental health